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Transferring Innovation Across National Boundaries

By Victor Virueña In the past thirty years, globalization has been the paradigm not only for the national economies but for organizations and businesses. Transnational companies face challenges to incorporate organizational change, the differences in culture, language, and problem approach are barriers against the company’s redesign. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the challenges of transferring innovation across national boundaries; reviewing the organizational … Continue reading Transferring Innovation Across National Boundaries

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Trump’s Trade Policies: The End of Globalization?

By Victor M. Virueña International free trade has been a dream since the 18th century when authors as David Ricardo and Adam Smith set the ground for economic liberalism and build the foundations of modern Capitalism. With the triumph of Capitalism over the Communism brought the globalization and free trade as the leading economic theory in the world. The purpose of this paper is to … Continue reading Trump’s Trade Policies: The End of Globalization?

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The End of NAFTA and USMCA Perspectives

By Victor M.Virueña Free trade is controversial because it has many pros and cons. On the one hand, free trade increases economic growth, promote the technology transference, restrain the excessive government spending, promote foreign direct investment, and encourage technology development. On the other hand, increase the piracy, the technology theft, produce poor working conditions and lower salaries, transfer local industries to less expensive countries but … Continue reading The End of NAFTA and USMCA Perspectives

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Argentina and the Limits to Macroeconomics Policy.

Argentina and the Limits to Macroeconomics Policy. Argentina is the best example of how do not manage a country’s economy since it turned from a wealthy country to a permanent crisis country for the last seventy years. This essay analyzes the history of the perennial Argentinian crisis, and how bad political decisions and economic policies derived in a cyclical crisis occupied one-third of the period … Continue reading Argentina and the Limits to Macroeconomics Policy.

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The U.S. Protectionism: Steel and Aluminum Products

By Victor M. Virueña For many countries, including the U.S., protectionism is the new economic paradigm; President Trump said that he like free trade, but he wants fair trade, as a euphemism to support protectionism as public policy. This paper analyzes the reasons why the nations protect their industries, as the revenue, protection of labor, protection of an infant industry, national security, culture protection, retaliation … Continue reading The U.S. Protectionism: Steel and Aluminum Products

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The U.S. Trade in the World

By Victor M. Virueña The free trade paradigm is under fire, Brexit and President Trump tariffs wars are red flags against open markets, politicians blame international commerce of unemployment, illegal immigration, and deficits when in fact the statistics show free trade has brought new technologies, competitiveness and growing economy. This essay will examine the U.S. role in international trade, pointing out the main trade partners … Continue reading The U.S. Trade in the World

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The International Monetary Fund Challenges

In the next decade, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must face the transition from the being the last resource bank for failed economies to become a strategic partner, an investor in development projects, and sustainable economic policies. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the IMF’s new role; in many emerging economies the International Monetary Fund has a bad reputation as … Continue reading The International Monetary Fund Challenges

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Códigos de Conducta y Programas de Cumplimiento Normativo de dos empresas españolas: BBVA y OHL

Por Victor M. Virueña * La legislación española introdujo la figura de la responsabilidad penal de las empresas en la Ley Orgánica 5/2010 y la con precisiones derivadas de la Ley Orgánica 1/2015. Con esta reforma se cambió radicalmente la filosofía seguida hasta entonces, en la cual las personas morales no podían ser sancionadas penalmente (principio societas delinquere non potest).             Esta reforma nació como … Continue reading Códigos de Conducta y Programas de Cumplimiento Normativo de dos empresas españolas: BBVA y OHL

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La confianza en el sistema electoral estadounidense.

Por Victor Virueña. En los Estados Unidos las elecciones incluyendo las federales, son organizadas localmente, miles de funcionarios municipales son los responsables de organizar y conducir las elecciones, registrar electores, certificar la elegibilidad de los candidatos, diseñar las boletas, contratar a los trabajadores temporales para la época electoral, hacer el conteo y certificar resultados. No existe una entidad federal que organice las elecciones, solo una … Continue reading La confianza en el sistema electoral estadounidense.

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Back to the Moon, the Trump’s Plan

By Victor Virueña* Fifty years ago, Neil Armstrong walked on the moon’s surface and became the first human being stepping into another celestial body. However after just five more missions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) abandoned the program due to many reasons, including the lack of support from Congress, the Vietnam War, the Apollo 13 accident and major budget cuts. Some authors like … Continue reading Back to the Moon, the Trump’s Plan

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